retainers of the household of the master of the archiepiscopal mint.
Gutenberg grew up knowing the trade of goldsmithing." This is supported by historian Heinrich Wallau, who adds, "In the 14th and 15th centuries his claimed a hereditary position as. His father worked with the ecclesiastic mint. John Lienhard, technology historian, says "Most of Gutenberg's early life is a mystery. In the 1890s the city of Mainz declared his official and symbolic date of birth to be 24 June 1400. Gutenberg's year of birth is not precisely known, but it was sometime between the years of 13. According to some accounts, Friele was a goldsmith for the bishop at Mainz, but most likely, he was involved in the cloth trade. It is assumed that he was baptized in the area close to his birthplace of St. Gutenberg was born in the German city of Mainz, Rhine-Main area, the youngest son of the patrician merchant Friele Gensfleisch zur Laden, and his second wife, Else Wyrich, who was the daughter of a shopkeeper. Gutenberg in a 16th-century copper engraving The Catholic Encyclopedia describes Gutenberg’s invention as having made a practically unparalleled cultural impact in the Christian era. Four prominent US journalists did the same in their 1998 resume, ranking his impact high in shaping the millennium. In 1997, Time–Life magazine picked Gutenberg's invention as the most important of the second millennium. 1 on their "People of the Millennium" countdown. In the 19th century, the replacement of the hand-operated Gutenberg-style press by steam-powered rotary presses allowed printing on an industrial scale, while Western-style printing was adopted all over the world, becoming practically the sole medium for modern bulk printing.Īn overview of the wide acclaim of Gutenberg’s accomplishments is found in several sources: In 1999, the A&E Network ranked Gutenberg no. Across Europe, the increasing cultural self-awareness of its people led to the rise of proto- nationalism, accelerated by the flowering of the European vernacular languages to the detriment of Latin's status as lingua franca. The relatively unrestricted circulation of information-including revolutionary ideas-transcended borders, captured the masses in the Reformation, and threatened the power of political and religious authorities the sharp increase in literacy broke the monopoly of the literate elite on education and learning and bolstered the emerging middle class. In Renaissance Europe, the arrival of mechanical movable type printing introduced the era of mass communication which permanently altered the structure of society. His major work, the Gutenberg Bible (also known as the 42-line Bible), was the first printed version of the Bible and has been acclaimed for its high aesthetic and technical quality.
Gutenberg's printing technology spread rapidly throughout Europe and later the world. The use of movable type was a marked improvement on the handwritten manuscript, which was the existing method of book production in Europe, and upon woodblock printing, and revolutionized European book-making. The alloy was a mixture of lead, tin, and antimony that melted at a relatively low temperature for faster and more economical casting, cast well, and created a durable type. Gutenberg's method for making type is traditionally considered to have included a type metal alloy and a hand mould for casting type. His truly epochal invention was the combination of these elements into a practical system that allowed the mass production of printed books and was economically viable for printers and readers alike. His many contributions to printing include: the invention of a process for mass-producing movable type the use of oil-based ink for printing books adjustable molds mechanical movable type and the use of a wooden printing press similar to the agricultural screw presses of the period. While not the first to use movable type in the world, in 1439 Gutenberg was the first European to do so. It played a key role in the development of the Renaissance, Reformation, Age of Enlightenment, and Scientific Revolution, as well as laying the material basis for the modern knowledge-based economy and the spread of learning to the masses. His work started the Printing Revolution in Europe and is regarded as a milestone of the second millennium, ushering in the modern period of human history. 1400 – 3 February 1468) was a German inventor, printer, publisher, and goldsmith who introduced printing to Europe with his mechanical movable-type printing press.
Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg ( / ˈ ɡ uː t ən b ɜːr ɡ/ c. The invention of the movable-type printing press Mainz, Electorate of Mainz, Holy Roman Empire
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